Borneo's Dayak handicraft, the beauty of ancient tribal arts and handmade crafts
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War expeditions could involve as many as 3,000 men and last up to several years, like the Mahakam Kayan war on the Kapuas River in the Upper Mahakam in 1885. Warriors took hundreds of heads and hundreds of women and children captives, as well as huge booty.

Traditional Life: War, Headhunting, and Sacrifice


In most Bornean groups, where there are few initiation rites into adulthood, young men acquire experience, wealth, and therefore prestige, by travelling. This custom is called bejalai by the Iban, and among the Kenyah, men ascend a scale of formal grades. Such travel includes collective trade trips, and formerly war expeditions and headhunting raids.

A major reason for warfare among conquering groups like the Iban and Kayan was territorial expansion, whereas raids in search of heads and slaves were not usually connceted with land claims. War expeditions could involve as many as 3,000 men and last up to several years, like the Mahakam Kayan war on the Kapuas River in the Upper Mahakam in 1885. Warriors took hundreds of heads and hundreds of women and children captives, as well as huge booty.

Art in traditional life: People at home, Household arts and crafts, Clothes and textiles, Personal adornment, The wider world, The fields, River and forest, Trade, War, headhunting, and sacrifice, Traditional religion, Of Gods and men, Life and ritual, Sickness and shamanism, Death and funeral art, Primary funerals, Secondary funerals, The living and the death.

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